103,444 materials
16Ni-7Co maraging steel is an iron-nickel-cobalt age-hardening alloy engineered to achieve ultra-high strength through precipitation hardening rather than carbon content, making it exceptionally strong yet tough and weldable. Used primarily in aerospace, defense, and precision tooling applications where weight reduction and extreme strength are critical, this material excels in environments requiring both high performance and fabrication flexibility—notably in missile casings, landing gear components, and high-strength fasteners where conventional high-carbon steels would be brittle. Its combination of hardness, fracture toughness, and machinability makes it a preferred alternative to conventional tool steels and superalloys when weight and damage tolerance matter as much as ultimate strength.
17-4PH stainless steel printed by metal binder jetting is a precipitation-hardening martensitic steel formed by depositing binder into a powder bed, then debinding and sintering the part. The green part is fragile and porous and shrinks substantially in sintering, so geometry is scaled to compensate and long spans may need setters. Some residual porosity usually remains, the surface is that of sintered powder, and critical features are often machined. Residual stress and anisotropy are low compared with fusion processes, and final strength depends on sintering and the later aging treatment. It is used for production runs of complex brackets, housings, fittings and tooling.
Desktop Metal 17-4PH Stainless Steel (Shop System) is that maker's grade of 17-4PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel printed by metal binder jetting, here heat-treated. Parts are printed as unsupported green bodies of bound powder, then debound and sintered. They shrink substantially and end with a little residual porosity but without the residual stress of laser melting. Solution treatment and aging after sintering precipitate copper-rich particles in the martensite, raising strength and hardness over the as-sintered state. Typical uses are small, complex functional parts made in batches, such as machine components, tooling and fixtures. Every value on this page is read from Desktop Metal's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
Desktop Metal 17-4PH Stainless Steel (Shop System) is a maker's grade of the precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel printed by metal binder jetting, in the sintered condition. Binder is jetted into a bed of 17-4PH powder to form green parts, which are debound and furnace-sintered with substantial shrinkage, leaving a small amount of residual porosity. With no melt pool, sintered parts are largely isotropic and free of laser-melting residual stress, and the powder bed supports them, so no supports are needed. It is used for batches of small, complex stainless components such as brackets, housings and tooling inserts, often aged and machined where tighter tolerances are needed. Every value on this page is read from Desktop Metal's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
17-4PH stainless steel made by bound metal deposition is a precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel printed from metal powder bound in a polymer, then debound and sintered into a metal part. The green part is printed oversized to allow for the substantial, fairly predictable shrinkage on sintering, and long or overhanging features need supports or setters to resist sag and distortion. Layer lines leave a rougher surface than machined stock, and some residual porosity and differences between build directions can remain. Sintered parts are commonly aged by heat treatment and machined on critical features. Typical uses are jigs, fixtures, tooling, brackets and low-volume functional parts.
Desktop Metal 17-4PH Stainless Steel (Studio System 2), heat-treated, is the precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel printed by bound metal deposition and hardened by heat treatment after sintering. Metal powder in a polymer binder is extruded into an oversized green part, then debound and sintered, shrinking to near-full density with some residual porosity. Ceramic interface layers release supports, and layer lines usually need machining or blasting where fit or finish matters. The heat treatment precipitates copper-rich particles in the martensite, raising strength and hardness over the as-sintered state. Parts serve as tooling, jigs, fixtures and low-volume functional components. Every value on this page is read from Desktop Metal's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
Desktop Metal 17-4PH Stainless Steel (Studio System 2) is that maker's precipitation-hardening stainless steel for bound metal deposition, in the as-sintered condition. Parts are extruded from metal powder held in a polymer binder, then debound and furnace-sintered. They shrink in the process, so they are printed oversize, with a separable interface layer beneath supports. The sintered steel keeps some residual porosity and a layered surface, so critical faces are usually machined, and it can be given a further aging treatment for strength. It is used for jigs, fixtures, tooling, brackets and low-volume functional parts. Every value on this page is read from Desktop Metal's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
Markforged 17-4PH Stainless Steel, heat-treated, is that maker's precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel, printed by bound metal deposition and then solution treated and aged after sintering. Parts are extruded from metal powder held in a polymer binder and printed oversized to allow for shrinkage. They are then debound and sintered, which leaves some residual porosity, visible layer lines and a difference in properties between build directions. The heat treatment precipitates copper-rich particles in the martensite, raising strength and hardness over the as-sintered state at some cost in ductility. Typical uses are tooling, jigs and fixtures, brackets and low-volume functional parts that would otherwise be machined. Every value on this page is read from Markforged's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
Markforged 17-4PH Stainless Steel is that maker's grade of the precipitation-hardening stainless steel for bound metal deposition, extruded as metal powder in a polymer binder filament and here in the sintered condition. The printed green part is debound in a solvent wash and then furnace sintered, shrinking substantially as it densifies, so parts are printed oversize. Sintered parts retain some porosity and visible layer lines, and critical faces and holes are usually machined. Typical uses are tooling, jigs, fixtures, functional prototypes and low-volume end-use parts needing strength and corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from Markforged's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
17-4PH Stainless Steel in the F (as-fabricated) condition is a precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel used primarily in aerospace and defense applications for components requiring high strength and corrosion resistance. The F condition represents the material in its initial state following fabrication but prior to precipitation hardening heat treatment, offering lower strength and hardness compared to the H900/H1025 aged conditions, with moderate toughness suitable for machining and forming operations.
17-4PH stainless steel printed by fused deposition modeling is a precipitation-hardening martensitic steel made by a bound-metal route: metal powder in a polymer binder is extruded, then debound and sintered to a metal part. The printed part is oversized and weak, and it shrinks during sintering, so geometry needs compensation and long spans need supports. Sintered parts keep faint layer lines, a rougher surface than machined metal, some residual porosity and direction-dependent properties. They are often heat treated to an H condition and machined at critical features. Typical uses are jigs, fixtures, tooling, grippers and low-volume functional parts.
BASF Forward AM Ultrafuse 17-4 PH is a filament of 17-4PH stainless steel powder in a polymer binder, printed by material extrusion and then converted into a solid steel part. The printed green part must be catalytically debound and sintered, and it shrinks during sintering, so it is printed oversized to compensate. The sintered steel retains some porosity and a layered surface, and its properties can vary between build directions; functional surfaces are often machined, and parts can be precipitation hardened like the wrought alloy. It is used for jigs, fixtures, tooling, functional prototypes and low-volume metal parts made without a powder-bed system. Every value on this page is read from BASF Forward AM's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
BASF Forward AM Ultrafuse 17-4 PH, heat-treated, is 17-4PH stainless steel printed by material extrusion from a metal-filled polymer filament, then debound, sintered and given a precipitation-hardening heat treatment. The printed green part is oversized to allow for shrinkage during sintering. The sintered metal keeps some residual porosity and the layered surface texture of extrusion, so features needing tight tolerances are usually machined. The ageing treatment after sintering hardens the martensitic matrix by copper-rich precipitation, raising strength and hardness over the as-sintered state. Parts are used for tooling, jigs, fixtures, functional prototypes and low-volume metal components. Every value on this page is read from BASF Forward AM's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
BASF Forward AM Ultrafuse 17-4 PH, sintered, is 17-4PH stainless steel made by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of a filament of steel powder in a polymer binder, followed by debinding and sintering. The printed green part is catalytically debound and then sintered in a furnace, where it shrinks substantially, so it is printed oversize with allowance for slightly different shrinkage between build directions. The sintered steel retains some residual porosity and a layered surface finish, and parts are often precipitation hardened and machined on critical features. Printed parts are used for tooling, jigs and fixtures, brackets and functional prototypes. Every value on this page is read from BASF Forward AM's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
17-4PH stainless steel printed by laser powder bed fusion is a precipitation-hardening martensitic steel built layer by layer from gas-atomized powder. Rapid solidification gives a fine, directional microstructure that often retains more austenite than wrought material, and properties differ between the build direction and the layer plane. Parts carry residual stress and a rough surface, so they need supports and stress relief before removal from the plate. Aging, or solution treatment and aging, sometimes after hot isostatic pressing to close porosity, sets the strength and toughness balance. Typical uses are brackets, housings, tooling and fluid-handling parts with complex geometry.
3D Systems LaserForm 17-4PH (A) is that maker's grade of 17-4PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel for laser powder bed fusion. As built, the rapidly solidified steel has a fine cellular structure, may retain considerable austenite and carries residual stress, so parts are usually stress relieved before removal from the plate and supports. Solution treatment and aging then produce a martensitic structure and develop its precipitation-hardened strength, and as-printed surfaces are typically machined or blasted. It is used for tooling inserts with conformal cooling, pump and valve parts, and brackets that need strength with moderate corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from 3D Systems' own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
3D Systems LaserForm 17-4PH (A) in the as-built condition is 17-4PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel printed from this maker's powder by laser powder bed fusion, before any stress relief or heat treatment. Rapid solidification leaves a fine columnar structure of martensite with a variable share of retained austenite, along with residual stress, anisotropy between build directions and rough supported surfaces. Parts are cut from the build plate and are normally stress relieved, then solution treated and aged to develop the alloy's intended strength. Printed parts serve as tooling inserts with conformal cooling, pump and valve components and structural brackets. Every value on this page is read from 3D Systems' own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
Colibrium Additive Stainless Steel 17-4PH is that maker's grade of the precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel, made by laser powder bed fusion and here in the aged condition. Rapid solidification leaves a fine cellular structure, residual stress and often much retained austenite, so parts are stress relieved before removal from the plate and usually solution treated before aging. Aging precipitates fine copper-rich particles that raise strength and hardness, though rough surfaces, support marks and some anisotropy between build directions remain. Parts include brackets, housings, tooling and fluid-handling components needing strength with moderate corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from Colibrium Additive's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
Colibrium Additive Stainless Steel 17-4PH, as-built, is that maker's grade of 17-4PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel made by laser powder bed fusion and not heat treated after the build. Rapid solidification leaves a fine cellular, largely martensitic structure that can hold retained austenite and lacks the copper-rich strengthening precipitates, so its properties differ from aged material and vary with build direction. Parts carry residual stress and a rough surface and need supports. They are normally stress relieved, solution treated and aged, and machined on critical surfaces. Finished parts serve as tooling inserts, pump and valve components, and brackets that need strength with corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from Colibrium Additive's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
EOS StainlessSteel 17-4PH is the EOS grade of 17-4PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel, supplied as a powder with matched process parameters for laser powder bed fusion. As built, the rapidly solidified material has a fine cellular structure that can retain substantial austenite alongside martensite. Parts are therefore normally solution treated and aged to reach the hardened martensitic condition. Parts are built on supports and carry residual stress, so they are usually stress relieved before removal from the build plate, and surfaces are blasted or machined where finish matters. It is used for functional parts, tooling inserts and components that need high strength with good corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from EOS's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
EOS StainlessSteel 17-4PH in the aged condition is a precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel printed by laser powder bed fusion and then aged, usually after a solution anneal. As printed, rapid solidification leaves a fine cellular structure that can retain some austenite, along with residual stress, build-direction anisotropy and rough support-side surfaces. Ageing precipitates copper-rich particles in the martensite, raising strength and hardness. Parts still need support removal and machining or blasting of functional faces. Printed parts serve as tooling inserts, brackets, and pump and valve components that need strength with moderate corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from EOS's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
EOS StainlessSteel 17-4PH as-built is the maker's 17-4PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel grade fused by laser powder bed fusion, with no heat treatment after the build. Rapid solidification leaves fine cellular grains elongated along the build direction, martensite with retained austenite, and copper still in solution, so it lacks the strength of the aged tempers. Parts carry residual stress, need supports and have a rough layered surface. They are therefore usually stress relieved, then solution treated and aged, and machined on functional faces. Finished parts serve as tooling inserts, pump and valve components, and brackets that need strength with corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from EOS's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
EOS StainlessSteel 17-4PH, heat-treated, is a maker's grade of 17-4PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel printed by laser powder bed fusion and heat-treated after the build. As printed, rapid solidification leaves a fine structure that can retain considerable austenite, along with residual stress, support structures and a rough surface. Solution treatment and ageing convert the structure to martensite strengthened by copper-rich precipitates, raising strength and hardness and relieving residual stress. Functional surfaces are still usually machined or blasted. Printed parts serve as tooling inserts, pump and valve components and structural brackets that need high strength with moderate corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from EOS's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
Farsoon 17-4PH is the maker's grade of 17-4PH precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel powder for laser powder bed fusion. As printed, the rapid solidification gives a fine cellular structure with residual stress, some build-direction anisotropy and a mixed martensitic and retained austenite matrix that depends on powder chemistry. Parts are usually stress relieved before removal from the build plate, then solution treated and aged to develop full precipitation hardening. Supports and surface roughness call for machining or finishing. Printed parts serve as tooling inserts, pump and valve components, brackets and other strong, corrosion-resistant industrial parts. Every value on this page is read from Farsoon's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
Farsoon 17-4PH heat-treated is Farsoon's grade of the precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel 17-4PH, made by laser powder bed fusion and heat-treated after the build. As printed, rapid solidification leaves a fine cellular structure with grains elongated along the build direction, residual stress and a variable amount of retained austenite. Solution treatment and aging convert this to martensite strengthened by copper-rich precipitates and relieve residual stress, giving more consistent properties. Printed parts are used for tooling inserts, pump and valve components and brackets that need strength together with corrosion resistance. Every value on this page is read from Farsoon's own material data sheet — quoted, cited and dated — and is the maker's statement about printed material, not a measurement by MatWorld; none has yet been reviewed by a person.
17-4PH stainless steel in the Sta (stress-relieved annealed) condition is a precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel providing moderate strength with improved toughness and ductility, typically used in aerospace and defense applications requiring good corrosion resistance and machinability. This condition offers a balance between strength retention and dimensional stability for parts requiring stress relief after machining or forming.
This is a high-carbon tool steel heavily alloyed with chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and cobalt—a composition typical of premium die steels and high-speed cutting tool alloys. The high carbon content (1.76%) combined with substantial chromium (7.8%) and molybdenum (2.2%) provides excellent hardness and wear resistance, while vanadium (1.1%) and cobalt (4.63%) enhance toughness and hot hardness. This material is found in demanding applications requiring superior edge retention and dimensional stability under thermal and mechanical stress, particularly where tool life and precision are critical economic factors; it competes with standard tool steels by offering enhanced performance in high-temperature or high-wear environments at the cost of reduced toughness and machinability.
This is a high-carbon, high-chromium tool steel containing significant additions of vanadium, tungsten, and cobalt—a composition typical of premium cutting tool and die steels designed for extreme hardness and wear resistance. The material is commonly used in precision metal-cutting tools, industrial dies, and stamping applications where edge retention and resistance to thermal cycling are critical. Engineers select this grade over standard tool steels when maximum hardness, superior abrasion resistance, and extended tool life justify the cost, particularly in high-speed or high-volume manufacturing environments where tool replacement frequency must be minimized.
17.6Ni-1.8Mo is a precipitation-hardening low-alloy steel engineered for high-strength applications requiring excellent toughness and fatigue resistance. The high nickel content (17.6%) combined with molybdenum and titanium creates a martensitic matrix capable of age hardening, making it suitable for demanding structural and mechanical components that must withstand cyclic loading and impact without brittleness. This steel family is primarily used in aerospace, defense, and high-performance industrial equipment where weight reduction and reliability are critical—engineers select it over conventional carbon steels when applications demand the strength-to-weight ratio and fracture toughness that precipitation hardening provides.
17-7PH (17% Cr, 7% Ni, precipitation-hardening stainless steel) is a martensitic PH stainless used in aerospace and defense applications requiring high strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures; the STA (solution-treated and aged) condition provides yield strengths in the 1200–1500 MPa range with good fatigue resistance and ductility suitable for springs, fasteners, and structural components operating to approximately 480°C.
A high-carbon tool steel containing substantial chromium (8.0%) and molybdenum (3.4%) alloying elements, designed to achieve exceptional hardness and wear resistance through heat treatment. This composition—with ~1.78% carbon and significant cobalt addition (~4.66%)—positions it in the premium tool steel family, engineered for applications demanding extreme hardness, dimensional stability, and edge retention under demanding conditions. Compared to conventional tool steels, the molybdenum and chromium combination enhances toughness and corrosion resistance while maintaining the high hardness needed for cutting, forming, and gauging operations.
17Cr-4Ni is a martensitic stainless steel characterized by moderate chromium content (17%), elevated cobalt (~8.5%), and significant silicon (~3.6%), which together promote high strength and hardness through precipitation hardening and martensitic transformation. This alloy is primarily used in demanding aerospace, defense, and tooling applications where high strength combined with corrosion resistance is required, and its cobalt addition distinguishes it from standard martensitic stainless steels by enhancing strength and thermal stability. The material competes with 17-4 PH and 15-5 PH variants in applications requiring a balance of machinability, strength, and environmental durability without the full cost of superalloys.
17Cr-4Ni duplex stainless steel is a two-phase ferritic-austenitic stainless alloy designed to balance corrosion resistance with mechanical strength, offering superior performance compared to conventional austenitic or ferritic grades alone. This variant is employed in moderately aggressive corrosive environments—particularly in chemical processing, desalination plants, and offshore subsea applications—where resistance to pitting and stress-corrosion cracking is critical and weight/cost savings over super-duplex grades are acceptable trade-offs. Engineers select this grade when standard 300-series austenitic stainless proves insufficient against chloride attack, yet the higher alloying costs of super-duplex materials are unjustified.
17Cr-5Ni duplex stainless steel is a two-phase ferritic-austenitic stainless alloy that combines moderate chromium content with balanced nickel addition and significant aluminum and cobalt alloying for enhanced strength and hardness. This composition targets applications requiring good corrosion resistance alongside elevated strength, particularly in moderately aggressive environments where standard austenitic stainless steels may be over-specified or where weight and hardness matter. The duplex microstructure and secondary hardening elements (aluminum, cobalt, vanadium) suggest use in applications demanding higher yield strength than conventional duplex grades, though the relatively modest nickel and chromium levels position it below high-end duplex or super-duplex materials in corrosion resistance rankings.
A cobalt-strengthened martensitic stainless steel with ~17% chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium additions designed for ultra-high-strength applications requiring corrosion resistance. This composition—particularly the cobalt content (~13%) and elevated carbon/nitrogen—suggests a premium tool steel or aerospace-grade alloy engineered to combine hardness and wear resistance with stainless properties, positioning it between conventional martensitic stainless steels (like 440C) and cobalt-bearing superalloys. The material is used in demanding environments where both mechanical strength and corrosion/oxidation resistance are critical, such as cutting tools, aerospace fasteners, and high-performance bearings, offering superior performance compared to standard martensitic grades in high-temperature or chemically aggressive settings.
17Ni-11Co-2.5Mo-1.8Ti is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel engineered to achieve ultra-high strength through controlled aging of a martensitic matrix, with nickel and cobalt as primary strengthening elements supported by molybdenum and titanium. This alloy is employed in aerospace and defense applications demanding exceptional strength-to-weight ratios with minimal toughness loss, including landing gear, rocket motor cases, and structural components in hypersonic vehicles. Engineers select maraging steel over conventional high-strength steels when they need excellent fracture toughness at extreme strength levels, superior fatigue resistance, and reliable performance after extended service in critical load paths.
17Ni-12Co-2.3Mo-1.8Ti is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel engineered for ultra-high strength with controlled toughness, relying on intermetallic phase formation (rather than carbon) to achieve its strength profile. This composition is used in aerospace structures, high-performance tooling, and precision instrumentation where weight savings and fatigue resistance are critical; it is particularly valued over conventional steels because it combines exceptionally high strength with better fracture toughness and weldability due to its very low carbon content, making it suitable for thick-section applications that would become brittle in carbon-hardened alloys.
17Ni-12Co-2.4Mo-1.9Ti is an ultra-high-strength maraging steel engineered for extreme performance applications where weight savings and damage tolerance are critical. The high nickel and cobalt content, combined with molybdenum and titanium strengthening elements, enables this alloy to achieve exceptional strength levels while maintaining fracture toughness and dimensional stability—characteristics that distinguish it from conventional structural steels and competing superalloys. This grade is favored in aerospace, defense, and precision tooling industries where the combination of high strength-to-weight ratio, low distortion during heat treatment, and excellent fatigue resistance justify its premium cost.
17Ni-12Co-2.4Mo-2.1Ti is a precipitation-hardened maraging steel engineered for extreme strength with controlled ductility. The high nickel and cobalt content, combined with molybdenum and titanium, enables age-hardening to achieve exceptional strength-to-weight ratios while maintaining reasonable toughness—a combination that makes it superior to conventional high-strength steels in demanding aerospace and defense applications where weight reduction is critical without sacrificing structural reliability.
17Ni-15Co-2.4Mo-1.8Ti is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel engineered for ultra-high strength with excellent toughness and fatigue resistance. The high nickel and cobalt content, combined with molybdenum and titanium additions, enables age-hardening to achieve exceptional strength levels while maintaining sufficient ductility for structural integrity. This grade is selected over conventional steels and aluminum alloys in aerospace and defense applications where weight savings, damage tolerance, and reliability under extreme loading are critical—particularly where traditional high-strength steels would be too brittle or where aluminum lacks adequate strength margins.
17Ni-8Co-2.9Mo-0.8Ti is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel engineered for ultra-high strength with retained toughness and ductility. The nickel-cobalt-molybdenum-titanium composition enables age-hardening to develop exceptional strength levels while maintaining fracture resistance, making it suitable for critical structural applications where weight savings and reliability are paramount.
17Ni-8Co-3.0Mo-1.8Ti is an ultra-high-strength maraging steel engineered through age-hardening precipitation of intermetallic phases rather than carbon-based hardening, enabling it to achieve exceptional strength with minimal brittleness. Widely adopted in aerospace and defense applications—particularly for critical structural components, landing gear, rocket motor casings, and aircraft fasteners—this alloy is chosen when weight reduction and damage tolerance are as important as absolute strength, offering superior toughness compared to conventional heat-treated steels at comparable strength levels.
17Ni-8Co maraging steel is a precipitation-hardened iron-nickel alloy engineered for ultra-high strength with retained toughness, achieved through aging heat treatment of a low-carbon martensitic matrix. This material is primarily used in aerospace and defense applications where weight savings and exceptional strength-to-weight ratio are critical, including missile casings, aircraft landing gear, and rocket motor cases; it is also employed in tooling and die applications where wear resistance and fatigue strength are essential. The cobalt and vanadium additions enhance strength and hardening response compared to standard 18Ni maraging grades, making this variant particularly attractive when maximum performance density is needed despite higher material and processing costs.
This is a duplex stainless steel with elevated cobalt and silicon content alongside chromium and nickel, representing a modified composition within the duplex family. The material is designed for high-strength applications requiring corrosion resistance, with the dual-phase microstructure (austenite + ferrite) providing a balance of strength and toughness that distinguishes it from single-phase austenitic or ferritic stainless steels. Industrial applications include chemical processing equipment, pressure vessels, and marine/offshore structures where both corrosion resistance and load-bearing capacity are critical; the elevated cobalt addition suggests potential use in specialty tooling or high-temperature service environments where enhanced hardness or wear resistance is needed alongside corrosion protection.
18Cr-4Ni is a lean duplex stainless steel combining ferritic and austenitic phases to deliver a balanced mix of strength, corrosion resistance, and cost efficiency compared to conventional austenitic stainless steels. It is widely used in chemical processing, desalination plants, pulp and paper production, and offshore equipment where moderate corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties are required without the expense of higher-alloyed duplex grades. Engineers select this grade when weight savings, fabricability, and resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking are priorities, and where the lower nickel content offers cost advantages over 304/316L austenitic stainless steels in non-severe corrosive environments.
This is a lean duplex stainless steel with 18% chromium and ~4% nickel, alloyed with molybdenum for enhanced corrosion resistance and modest cobalt addition. It occupies a middle ground between austenitic 300-series and fully ferritic duplex grades, offering a dual-phase microstructure that balances strength with corrosion performance—making it suitable for moderately aggressive environments where cost must be controlled relative to super-duplex alternatives. The material is employed in offshore oil & gas piping, desalination plants, chemical processing equipment, and seawater cooling systems where chloride-induced pitting and stress corrosion cracking are concerns but where the expense of 6Mo super-duplex is not justified.
18Cr-4Ni duplex stainless steel is a two-phase ferritic-austenitic alloy that combines the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels with the strength and stress-corrosion cracking resistance of ferritic grades, positioned as a cost-effective alternative to higher-nickel duplex variants. This material is widely employed in chemical processing, desalination plants, offshore platforms, and pulp-and-paper manufacturing where resistance to chloride corrosion and pitting is critical, particularly in moderately aggressive environments where standard austenitic grades (like 304/316) would require thicker sections or more frequent maintenance. Engineers select this composition for applications demanding both corrosion performance and mechanical strength without the premium cost or nickel supply constraints of super-duplex grades, making it especially attractive for large structural components and pressure equipment in marine and industrial settings.
18Cr-4Ni duplex stainless steel is a two-phase ferritic-austenitic stainless steel combining moderate chromium content with balanced nickel levels to achieve good corrosion resistance and workability. This variant is used in moderate-corrosion environments where both strength and ductility matter, such as structural fasteners, process equipment, and general industrial piping; it offers better toughness than ferritic grades while remaining more cost-effective than higher-alloyed duplex or super-duplex stainless steels, making it a practical choice when 300-series austenitic grades would be over-specified.
18Cr-6Ni is a precipitation-hardened austenitic stainless steel combining the corrosion resistance of the chromium-nickel austenitic family with enhanced strength through aluminum and carbon-driven strengthening mechanisms. This material targets high-strength applications where traditional 300-series austenitic stainless steels (like 304 or 316) fall short mechanically, finding use in aerospace fasteners, high-performance springs, and demanding structural components in chemical and oil & gas environments. Its aluminum content positions it between conventional austenitic and martensitic hardened stainless grades, offering a balance of corrosion resistance and yield strength that makes it valuable for weight-critical or high-load bearing applications where standard austenitic grades would require thicker sections.
18Ni-12Co-2.1Mo-2.3Ti maraging steel is a precipitation-hardened iron-nickel alloy engineered to achieve ultrahigh strength through a low-temperature aging heat treatment rather than carbon-based hardening. This material is used in aerospace, defense, and precision tooling applications where exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and dimensional stability are critical, particularly in landing gear, missile components, mold inserts, and high-performance fasteners. Engineers select maraging steels over conventional high-strength steels when weight reduction is essential, when toughness must be maintained at extreme strength levels, or when superior corrosion resistance and weldability are needed alongside high performance.
18Ni-13Co-2.1Mo-1.9Ti is a precipitation-hardening (maraging) steel engineered for exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and toughness without requiring quenching, achieved through controlled aging of a soft, machinable austenitic matrix. This alloy is critical in aerospace and defense applications where extreme strength combined with damage tolerance and dimensional stability are non-negotiable, particularly in landing gear, missile bodies, and structural forgings where traditional quenched-and-tempered steels would be brittle or difficult to machine to final dimensions.
18Ni-13Co-2.1Mo-2.2Ti is a high-strength maraging steel—an iron-nickel precipitation-hardened alloy that achieves exceptional strength through aging heat treatment rather than carbon hardening, resulting in very low carbon content (~0.05%) and excellent toughness-to-strength ratio. This grade is employed in aerospace and defense applications requiring damage-tolerant structures, including missile cases, aircraft landing gear, and pressure vessels, where the combination of ultra-high strength, low distortion during heat treatment, and superior fracture toughness outweighs the cost premium versus conventional alloy steels. Engineers select maraging steels when weight savings and reliability under extreme loads justify the investment, and when welding or precision machining are critical—properties where carbon-hardened steels exhibit brittleness or dimensional instability.
An 18% nickel maraging steel strengthened by precipitation hardening of intermetallic phases (cobalt, molybdenum, and titanium), achieving ultrahigh strength with relatively good toughness compared to conventional high-strength steels. This material is used in aerospace structures, rocket casings, and precision tooling where extreme strength-to-weight ratio and dimensional stability are critical; it is valued over alternatives because it can be solution-treated in thick sections and then aged to full strength without significant distortion, making it ideal for large forged components that demand both strength and machinability.
This is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel, a high-strength iron-nickel alloy strengthened by intermetallic phases (primarily Ni₃Mo and related compounds) rather than by carbon content, making it extremely tough and weldable despite its high strength. Used predominantly in aerospace and defense applications—particularly landing gear, missile casings, and structural components in spacecraft—where the combination of exceptional strength, fracture toughness, and low distortion during heat treatment is critical. Engineers select maraging steels when conventional high-strength steels would sacrifice ductility or introduce welding difficulties; this alloy's low carbon content virtually eliminates brittleness and allows field repairs without embrittlement concerns.
18Ni-7Co-2.9Mo is a precipitation-hardened maraging steel engineered for ultra-high strength with retained toughness and ductility. This nickel-cobalt-molybdenum system gains its strength through age-hardening rather than carbon content, making it exceptionally clean and damage-tolerant compared to conventional high-strength steels. It is widely used in aerospace structures, tooling, and precision engineering where the combination of high strength, excellent fatigue resistance, and superior fracture toughness is critical, and where the material's ability to be welded and machined before hardening offers significant manufacturing advantages.
18Ni-7Co-3.1Mo-0.8Ti is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel engineered for ultra-high strength with controlled ductility, achieved through aging heat treatment rather than carbon content. This composition is used in aerospace and defense applications including rocket motor cases, landing gear, and high-performance tooling where weight savings and damage tolerance are critical; it is also employed in specialized industrial applications demanding both strength and toughness without brittleness. The material's combination of low carbon content, strategic alloying with cobalt and molybdenum, and age-hardening response makes it a preferred choice over conventional high-strength steels when high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent fracture toughness must coexist.
18Ni-7Co-3.1Mo-0.8Ti maraging steel is a precipitation-hardened iron-nickel alloy designed to achieve ultra-high strength through controlled aging heat treatment, with cobalt and molybdenum additions enhancing strength development and titanium contributing to the hardening mechanism. This variant is employed in aerospace structures, defense systems, and tooling applications where the combination of very high strength with reasonable toughness and machinability is critical—particularly where conventional high-strength steels would require extensive stress relief or prove too brittle. Engineers select maraging steel when weight reduction and damage tolerance are equally important, avoiding the brittleness of tool steels or the processing difficulty of superalloys in moderately demanding applications.
18Ni-7Co-3.1Mo-1.1Ti is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel engineered for extremely high strength with retained toughness through controlled aging of a low-carbon, nickel-rich matrix. This alloy is used in aerospace, defense, and high-performance tooling applications where weight savings and reliability under extreme stress are critical, competing with titanium alloys and other superalloys where cost and machinability are also constraints. Its combination of very high strength, good ductility, excellent weldability, and superior toughness compared to conventional hardened steels makes it preferred for components requiring damage tolerance and fracture resistance alongside extreme load capacity.
18Ni-8Co-2.9Mo-0.8Ti is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel engineered for extreme strength-to-weight performance without relying on carbon hardening. The cobalt, molybdenum, and titanium additions enable age-hardening through intermetallic precipitation, yielding a martensitic steel that maintains toughness and ductility even at ultra-high strength levels. This material is chosen for critical aerospace and defense components, precision tooling, and sporting equipment where lightweight design, damage tolerance, and repeatability cannot be compromised—applications where conventional high-strength steels would be too brittle or require prohibitive thickness.
18Ni-8Co-2.9Mo-0.9Ti is a precipitation-hardening maraging steel engineered for extreme strength with retained toughness, developed through aging heat treatment rather than carbon hardening. This alloy is used in critical aerospace components, tooling for high-pressure molding, and precision machinery where weight savings and damage tolerance are essential—particularly applications requiring both exceptional strength and ability to absorb impact without brittle failure. The cobalt and molybdenum additions enable superior hardening response compared to conventional steels, making maraging steel the material of choice when conventional high-strength alloys prove inadequate or too brittle.