ThO2
semiconductorThorium dioxide (ThO2) is a ceramic oxide compound classified as a wide-bandgap semiconductor material, notable for its high refractory nature and strong ionic bonding. Industrial applications span nuclear fuel elements (THOREX fuel cycles), high-temperature refractories for furnace linings and crucibles, and specialized optical coatings where its transparency in the infrared range is valued. Engineers select ThO2 over alternatives primarily for extreme-temperature stability, resistance to thermal shock, and its historical role in nuclear fuel development; however, its radioactive thorium content requires specialized handling and regulatory compliance, making it suitable only for applications where its unique thermal and chemical properties justify the associated constraints.
Compliance & Regulations
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulk Modulus(K) | — | Pa | — | — | |
Poisson's Ratio(ν) | — | - | — | — | |
Shear Modulus(G) | — | Pa | — | — |
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thermal Conductivity(k) | — median of 4 measurements | W/(m·K) | — | — |
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density(ρ) | — | kg/m³ | — | — |
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Band Gap(Eg)2 entries | — | eV | — | — | |
| ↳ | — | eV | — | — | |
Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity)(εr) | — | - | — | — | |
Magnetic Moment(μB) | — | µB | — | — | |
Piezoelectric Modulus(eij) | — | C/m² | — | — | |
Seebeck Coefficient(S) | — | µV/K | — | — |
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy Above Hull(ΔEhull) | — | eV/atom | — | — | |
Formation Energy(ΔHf)2 entries | — | eV/atom | — | — | |
| ↳ | — | eV/atom | — | — |