K₂O (potassium oxide) is an inorganic ceramic compound and a basic oxide that serves primarily as a precursor and constituent in glass and ceramic formulations rather than as a standalone structural material. It is widely employed in glass manufacturing, particularly in soda-lime-silicate and borosilicate glass production, where it acts as a flux to lower melting temperatures and improve workability. K₂O is also used in ceramic glazes, refractories, and specialty materials such as potassium silicate coatings; engineers select it for applications requiring controlled glass transition behavior, chemical durability, or thermal stability in high-temperature environments.
Compliance & Regulations
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulk Modulus(K)3 entries | 3,932.9 | ksi | DFT | ||
| ↳ | 3,918.9 | ksi | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
| ↳ | 3,954.3 | ksi | DFT · PBE | ||
Elastic Compliance Tensor(Sij) | Matrix (redacted) | 1/GPa | DFT · PBE | ||
Elastic Anisotropy(AU) | 2.333 | - | DFT · PBE | ||
Elastic Stiffness Tensor(Cij) | Matrix (redacted) | ksi | DFT · PBE | ||
Poisson's Ratio(ν)2 entries | 0.2900 | - | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
| ↳ | 0.3040 | - | DFT · PBE | ||
Shear Modulus(G)3 entries | 1,787.3 | ksi | DFT | ||
| ↳ | 1,820.2 | ksi | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
| ↳ | 1,783.1 | ksi | DFT · PBE |
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density(ρ) | 0.08710 | lb/in³ | DFT · OptB88vdW |
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Band Gap(Eg)2 entries | 1.991 | eV | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
| ↳ | 5.259 | eV | DFT · TBmBJ | ||
Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity)(εr)3 entries | 10.16 | - | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
| ↳ | 9.240 | - | DFT · PBE | ||
| ↳ | 5.974 range 3.192–8.756median of 2 measurements | - | DFT · PBEsol | ||
High-Frequency Dielectric Constant (ε∞)(ε∞)2 entries | 3.335 | - | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
| ↳ | 2.394 | - | DFT · TBmBJ | ||
Electronic Dielectric Tensor(ε∞) | Matrix (redacted) | - | DFT · PBE | ||
Total Dielectric Tensor(ε) | Matrix (redacted) | - | DFT · PBE | ||
Magnetic Moment(μB) | 0.000 | µB | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
Piezoelectric Modulus(eij)2 entries | 0.04704 | C/m² | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
| ↳ | 1.028 | C/m² | DFT · PBE | ||
Piezoelectric Stress Tensor(eij) | Matrix (redacted) | C/m² | DFT · PBE | ||
Thermoelectric Power Factor(PF)2 entries | 0.000756 | W/(m·K²) | DFT · OptB88vdW · n-type · 1e20 cm⁻³ · 327°C | ||
| ↳ | 0.00104 | W/(m·K²) | DFT · OptB88vdW · p-type · 1e20 cm⁻³ · 327°C | ||
Seebeck Coefficient(S)2 entries | -110.3 | μV/K | DFT · OptB88vdW · n-type · 1e20 cm⁻³ · 327°C | ||
| ↳ | 506.5 | μV/K | DFT · OptB88vdW · p-type · 1e20 cm⁻³ · 327°C | ||
Spectroscopic Limited Maximum Efficiency (SLME)(SLME) | 0.000 | % | DFT · TBmBJ |
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy Above Hull(ΔEhull) | 0.06060 | eV/atom | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
Formation Energy(ΔHf)2 entries | -1.197 | eV/atom | DFT · OptB88vdW | ||
| ↳ | -1.255 | eV/atom | Measured |
Reference data from cited sources. Not verified or certified by MatWorld Inc. Verify against the source before use in design. Terms: engineering data