Bi
metal· Bi
Bismuth (Bi) is a brittle post-transition metal with a crystalline rhombohedral structure, notable for its low toxicity compared to other heavy metals and its unusual diamagnetic properties. It appears in applications ranging from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to electronics and nuclear reactor control systems, where it serves as a non-toxic replacement for lead in solders, alloys, and fusible elements. Engineers select bismuth for applications requiring low melting point alloys, radiation shielding, or where lead restrictions (RoHS compliance) necessitate an alternative, though its brittleness limits structural load-bearing roles.
lead-free solderslow-melting-point alloyscosmetics and pharmaceuticalsnuclear control rodsthermal fuses and safety devicesradiation shielding compounds
Compliance & Regulations
?EAR?Conflict Free?RoHS?REACH?TSCA?Prop 65
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulk Modulus(K)2 entries | — | Pa | — | — | |
| ↳ | — | Pa | — | — | |
Elastic Compliance Tensor(Sij) | Matrix (redacted) | 1/GPa | — | — | |
Elastic Anisotropy(AU) | — | - | — | — | |
Elastic Stiffness Tensor(Cij) | Matrix (redacted) | Pa | — | — | |
Exfoliation Energy(Eexf) | — | meV/atom | — | — | |
Poisson's Ratio(ν)2 entries | — | - | — | — | |
| ↳ | — | - | — | — | |
Shear Modulus(G)2 entries | — | Pa | — | — | |
| ↳ | — | Pa | — | — |
N entriesMultiple entries per property — large groups are collapsed; click a summary row to expand. Use filters above to narrow by form / heat treatment / basis.
Verified Unverified Low confidence (<80%) Link to source
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density(ρ) | — | kg/m³ | — | — |
Verified Unverified Low confidence (<80%) Link to source
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Band Gap(Eg) | — | eV | — | — | |
Magnetic Moment(μB) | — | µB | — | — | |
Seebeck Coefficient(S) | — | µV/K | — | — |
Verified Unverified Low confidence (<80%) Link to source
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy Above Hull(ΔEhull) | — | eV/atom | — | — | |
Formation Energy(ΔHf) | — | eV/atom | — | — |
Verified Unverified Low confidence (<80%) Link to source
Regulatory Screening
Environmental
Export Control
RoHS, REACH, and Prop 65 statuses are validated against official substance lists (ECHA SVHC Candidate List, OEHHA Prop 65, RoHS Annex II). Other regulations are estimated from composition and material classification. All screening is a starting point for due diligence — always verify with your supplier before making compliance decisions.